Gecko [ www.blackthorn-inc.com ]

Name	Size	Permission	Date
App	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Archive	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
Attribute	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
B	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:38
CGI	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
CPAN	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
Carp	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
Class	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
Compress	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:38
Config	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
DBM_Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
Data	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:38
Devel	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Digest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Encode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Exporter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
ExtUtils	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
File	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Getopt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
HTTP	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
Hash	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
I18N	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
IO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
IPC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
JSON	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
List	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Locale	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
MIME	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
Math	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Memoize	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Net	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Package	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Params	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Parse	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Perl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
PerlIO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
Pod	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Scalar	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:39
Search	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Sys	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
TAP	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Term	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Test	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Text	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Thread	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
Tie	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
Time	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
Unicode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
User	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
XS	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:41
auto	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 18:16
autodie	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
encoding	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:36
feature	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
inc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:37
overload	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 18:13
perl5db	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
threads	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:40
unicore	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 18:53
version	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2016-10-10 17:38
warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2015-02-14 16:56
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AutoLoader.pm	15.43 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
AutoSplit.pm	19.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
B.pm	28.07 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Benchmark.pm	29.22 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Benchmark.t	21.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
CGI.pm	255.23 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
CORE.pod	3.19 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
CPAN.pm	134.45 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Carp.pm	27.8 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Config.pm	3.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
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DirHandle.t	930 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
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DynaLoader.pm	24.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2016-10-10 17:38
Encode.pm	32.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
English.pm	4.64 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
English.t	4.11 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Env.pm	5.39 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Errno.pm	6.33 KB	-r--r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
Exporter.pm	18.31 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Fatal.pm	59.38 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Fcntl.pm	3.83 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
FileCache.pm	5.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
FileHandle.pm	6.62 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
FileHandle.t	2.48 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
FindBin.pm	4.45 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
FindBin.t	338 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
GDBM_File.pm	1.51 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
IO.pm	1.36 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Internals.t	5.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Memoize.pm	35.28 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
NDBM_File.pm	2.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
NEXT.pm	18.05 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
O.pm	4.11 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Opcode.pm	15.33 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
POSIX.pm	16.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
POSIX.pod	65.45 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
PerlIO.pm	10.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
SDBM_File.pm	3.46 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Safe.pm	24.27 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
SelectSaver.pm	1.05 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
SelectSaver.t	365 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
SelfLoader.pm	16.94 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Socket.pm	35.47 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
Storable.pm	42.13 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
Symbol.pm	4.68 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Symbol.t	2.52 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Test.pm	28.12 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Thread.pm	8.09 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
Thread.t	1.59 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
UNIVERSAL.pm	6.97 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
XSLoader.pm	9.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2016-10-10 17:38
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arybase.pm	2.75 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
attributes.pm	15.95 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 12:30
autodie.pm	11.9 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
autouse.pm	4.14 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
base.pm	7.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
bigint.pm	18.29 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
bignum.pm	17.7 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
bigrat.pm	13.58 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
blib.pm	2.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
blib.t	1.81 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
buildcustomize.pl	1.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
bytes.pm	2.96 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
bytes.t	2.78 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
bytes_heavy.pl	758 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
charnames.pm	20.39 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
charnames.t	372.58 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
constant.pm	13.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
dbm_filter_util.pl	1.83 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
deprecate.pm	3.01 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
diagnostics.pm	18.26 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
diagnostics.t	7.1 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
dumpvar.pl	15.24 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
dumpvar.t	5.81 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
encoding.pm	20.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
experimental.pm	3.88 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
feature.pm	13.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2014-12-27 12:46
feature.t	78 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
fields.pm	9.24 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
filetest.pm	3.91 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
filetest.t	3 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
h2ph.t	1.58 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
h2xs.t	7.64 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
if.pm	2.63 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
integer.pm	3.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
integer.t	1.32 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
less.pm	3.13 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
less.t	901 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
lib.pm	5.87 KB	-r--r--r--	2016-10-10 17:37
locale.pm	2.13 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
locale.t	72.86 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
mro.pm	9.86 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
open.pm	7.83 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
open.t	6.4 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
ops.pm	997 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
overload.pm	51.41 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
overload.t	71.98 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
overload64.t	8.33 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
overloading.pm	1.77 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
overloading.t	3.25 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
parent.pm	2.83 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5db.pl	307.01 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
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Rename

package UNIVERSAL;

our $VERSION = '1.11';

# UNIVERSAL should not contain any extra subs/methods beyond those
# that it exists to define. The use of Exporter below is a historical
# accident that can't be fixed without breaking code.  Note that we
# *don't* set @ISA here, as we don't want all classes/objects inheriting from
# Exporter.  It's bad enough that all classes have a import() method
# whenever UNIVERSAL.pm is loaded.
require Exporter;
@EXPORT_OK = qw(isa can VERSION);

# Make sure that even though the import method is called, it doesn't do
# anything unless called on UNIVERSAL.
sub import {
    return unless $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__;
    return unless @_ > 1;
    require warnings;
    warnings::warnif(
      'deprecated',
      'UNIVERSAL->import is deprecated and will be removed in a future perl',
    );
    goto &Exporter::import;
}

1;
__END__

=head1 NAME

UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

=head1 SYNOPSIS

$is_io    = $fd->isa("IO::Handle");
    $is_io    = Class->isa("IO::Handle");

$does_log = $obj->DOES("Logger");
    $does_log = Class->DOES("Logger");

$sub      = $obj->can("print");
    $sub      = Class->can("print");

$sub      = eval { $ref->can("fandango") };
    $ver      = $obj->VERSION;

# but never do this!
    $is_io    = UNIVERSAL::isa($fd, "IO::Handle");
    $sub      = UNIVERSAL::can($obj, "print");

=head1 DESCRIPTION

C<UNIVERSAL> is the base class from which all blessed references inherit.
See L<perlobj>.

C<UNIVERSAL> provides the following methods:

=over 4

=item C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>

=item C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>

=item C<< eval { VAL->isa( TYPE ) } >>

Where

=over 4

=item C<TYPE>

is a package name

=item C<$obj>

is a blessed reference or a package name

=item C<CLASS>

is a package name

=item C<VAL>

is any of the above or an unblessed reference

=back

When used as an instance or class method (C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>),
C<isa> returns I<true> if $obj is blessed into package C<TYPE> or
inherits from package C<TYPE>.

When used as a class method (C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, sometimes
referred to as a static method), C<isa> returns I<true> if C<CLASS>
inherits from (or is itself) the name of the package C<TYPE> or
inherits from package C<TYPE>.

If you're not sure what you have (the C<VAL> case), wrap the method call in an
C<eval> block to catch the exception if C<VAL> is undefined.

If you want to be sure that you're calling C<isa> as a method, not a class,
check the invocand with C<blessed> from L<Scalar::Util> first:

use Scalar::Util 'blessed';

if ( blessed( $obj ) && $obj->isa("Some::Class") ) {
      ...
  }

=item C<< $obj->DOES( ROLE ) >>

=item C<< CLASS->DOES( ROLE ) >>

C<DOES> checks if the object or class performs the role C<ROLE>.  A role is a
named group of specific behavior (often methods of particular names and
signatures), similar to a class, but not necessarily a complete class by
itself.  For example, logging or serialization may be roles.

C<DOES> and C<isa> are similar, in that if either is true, you know that the
object or class on which you call the method can perform specific behavior.
However, C<DOES> is different from C<isa> in that it does not care I<how> the
invocand performs the operations, merely that it does.  (C<isa> of course
mandates an inheritance relationship.  Other relationships include aggregation,
delegation, and mocking.)

By default, classes in Perl only perform the C<UNIVERSAL> role, as well as the
role of all classes in their inheritance.  In other words, by default C<DOES>
responds identically to C<isa>.

There is a relationship between roles and classes, as each class implies the
existence of a role of the same name.  There is also a relationship between
inheritance and roles, in that a subclass that inherits from an ancestor class
implicitly performs any roles its parent performs.  Thus you can use C<DOES> in
place of C<isa> safely, as it will return true in all places where C<isa> will
return true (provided that any overridden C<DOES> I<and> C<isa> methods behave
appropriately).

=item C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>

=item C<< CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>

=item C<< eval { VAL->can( METHOD ) } >>

C<can> checks if the object or class has a method called C<METHOD>. If it does,
then it returns a reference to the sub.  If it does not, then it returns
I<undef>.  This includes methods inherited or imported by C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, or
C<VAL>.

C<can> cannot know whether an object will be able to provide a method through
AUTOLOAD (unless the object's class has overridden C<can> appropriately), so a
return value of I<undef> does not necessarily mean the object will not be able
to handle the method call. To get around this some module authors use a forward
declaration (see L<perlsub>) for methods they will handle via AUTOLOAD. For
such 'dummy' subs, C<can> will still return a code reference, which, when
called, will fall through to the AUTOLOAD. If no suitable AUTOLOAD is provided,
calling the coderef will cause an error.

You may call C<can> as a class (static) method or an object method.

Again, the same rule about having a valid invocand applies -- use an C<eval>
block or C<blessed> if you need to be extra paranoid.

=item C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>

C<VERSION> will return the value of the variable C<$VERSION> in the
package the object is blessed into. If C<REQUIRE> is given then
it will do a comparison and die if the package version is not
greater than or equal to C<REQUIRE>, or if either C<$VERSION> or C<REQUIRE>
is not a "lax" version number (as defined by the L<version> module).

The return from C<VERSION> will actually be the stringified version object
using the package C<$VERSION> scalar, which is guaranteed to be equivalent
but may not be precisely the contents of the C<$VERSION> scalar.  If you want
the actual contents of C<$VERSION>, use C<$CLASS::VERSION> instead.

C<VERSION> can be called as either a class (static) method or an object
method.

=back

=head1 WARNINGS

B<NOTE:> C<can> directly uses Perl's internal code for method lookup, and
C<isa> uses a very similar method and cache-ing strategy. This may cause
strange effects if the Perl code dynamically changes @ISA in any package.

You may add other methods to the UNIVERSAL class via Perl or XS code.
You do not need to C<use UNIVERSAL> to make these methods
available to your program (and you should not do so).

=head1 EXPORTS

None by default.

You may request the import of three functions (C<isa>, C<can>, and C<VERSION>),
B<but this feature is deprecated and will be removed>.  Please don't do this in
new code.

For example, previous versions of this documentation suggested using C<isa> as
a function to determine the type of a reference:

use UNIVERSAL 'isa';

$yes = isa $h, "HASH";
  $yes = isa "Foo", "Bar";

The problem is that this code will I<never> call an overridden C<isa> method in
any class.  Instead, use C<reftype> from L<Scalar::Util> for the first case:

use Scalar::Util 'reftype';

$yes = reftype( $h ) eq "HASH";

and the method form of C<isa> for the second:

$yes = Foo->isa("Bar");

=cut