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Name	Size	Permission	Date
Makefile	9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:34
Makefile.SH	2.65 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
buildtoc	6.13 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl.pod	14.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-17 16:51
perl5004delta.pod	54.92 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5005delta.pod	33.48 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5100delta.pod	54.23 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5101delta.pod	42.86 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5120delta.pod	87.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5121delta.pod	9.9 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5122delta.pod	9.38 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5123delta.pod	4 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5124delta.pod	3.59 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5125delta.pod	7.5 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5140delta.pod	140.94 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5141delta.pod	7.78 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5142delta.pod	6.73 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5143delta.pod	7.58 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5144delta.pod	6.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5160delta.pod	130.52 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5161delta.pod	6 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5162delta.pod	3.51 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5163delta.pod	3.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5180delta.pod	116.63 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5181delta.pod	6.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5182delta.pod	5.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5184delta.pod	4.53 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perl5200delta.pod	112.82 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perl5201delta.pod	10.64 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl5202delta.pod	12.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-02-14 16:44
perl561delta.pod	121.79 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl56delta.pod	104.68 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl581delta.pod	37.17 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl582delta.pod	4.37 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl583delta.pod	6.19 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl584delta.pod	7.19 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl585delta.pod	5.75 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl586delta.pod	4.54 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl587delta.pod	8.16 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl588delta.pod	24.68 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl589delta.pod	52.64 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perl58delta.pod	112.46 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlaix.pod	19.15 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlamiga.pod	6.87 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlandroid.pod	7.61 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlapi.pod	351.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
perlapio.pod	18.62 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlartistic.pod	6.85 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlbook.pod	7.27 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlboot.pod	294 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlbot.pod	304 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlbs2000.pod	7.73 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlcall.pod	53.99 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlce.pod	14.27 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlcheat.pod	4.38 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlclib.pod	8.71 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlcn.pod	4.58 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlcommunity.pod	6.79 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlcygwin.pod	26.67 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perldata.pod	41.86 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perldbmfilter.pod	4.86 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perldebguts.pod	37.33 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perldebtut.pod	20.79 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perldebug.pod	38.24 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perldelta.pod	12.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-02-14 16:44
perldiag.pod	245.97 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-24 15:03
perldos.pod	10.28 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perldsc.pod	23.95 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perldtrace.pod	8 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlebcdic.pod	57.34 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlembed.pod	36.25 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlexperiment.pod	6.08 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 12:55
perlfilter.pod	20.56 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlfork.pod	13.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlform.pod	16.22 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlfreebsd.pod	1.55 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlfunc.pod	349.83 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-24 15:03
perlgit.pod	32.08 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlgpl.pod	13.49 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlguts.pod	116.52 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlhack.pod	35.63 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlhacktips.pod	45.28 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlhacktut.pod	6.02 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlhaiku.pod	1.47 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-28 21:08
perlhist.pod	46.87 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-02-14 16:10
perlhpux.pod	28.68 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlhurd.pod	1.94 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlintern.pod	48.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
perlinterp.pod	29.98 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlintro.pod	21.59 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perliol.pod	33 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlipc.pod	69.76 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlirix.pod	4.29 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perljp.pod	7.34 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlko.pod	11.97 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perllexwarn.pod	355 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perllinux.pod	1.45 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perllocale.pod	60.94 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perllol.pod	10.93 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlmacos.pod	1001 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlmacosx.pod	11.72 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-28 21:08
perlmod.pod	24.36 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlmodinstall.pod	12.41 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlmodlib.PL	41.82 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlmodlib.pod	73.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:36
perlmodstyle.pod	21.62 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlmroapi.pod	3.13 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlnetware.pod	6.32 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlnewmod.pod	11.04 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlnumber.pod	8.16 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlobj.pod	33.65 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlootut.pod	26.02 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlop.pod	123.93 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlopenbsd.pod	1.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlopentut.pod	9.23 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlos2.pod	90.54 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-28 21:08
perlos390.pod	15.19 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlos400.pod	4.51 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlpacktut.pod	49.92 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlperf.pod	50.05 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlplan9.pod	5 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlpod.pod	21.47 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlpodspec.pod	66.2 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlpodstyle.pod	11.67 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlpolicy.pod	21.94 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-31 17:02
perlport.pod	83.68 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlpragma.pod	5.05 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlqnx.pod	6.52 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlre.pod	104.57 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlreapi.pod	29.62 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlrebackslash.pod	25.73 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlrecharclass.pod	43.22 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlref.pod	30.69 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlreftut.pod	18.14 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlreguts.pod	37.43 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlrepository.pod	509 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlrequick.pod	17.53 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlreref.pod	14.32 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlretut.pod	115.11 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlriscos.pod	1.49 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlrun.pod	51.43 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlsec.pod	24.47 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlsolaris.pod	29.11 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlsource.pod	6.77 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlstyle.pod	8.42 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlsub.pod	70.21 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-24 15:05
perlsymbian.pod	15.44 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlsyn.pod	42.57 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlsynology.pod	6.88 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlthrtut.pod	45.37 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perltie.pod	37.03 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perltoc.pod	622.85 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 19:20
perltodo.pod	376 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perltooc.pod	294 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perltoot.pod	294 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perltrap.pod	10.37 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perltru64.pod	7.56 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perltw.pod	4.5 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlunicode.pod	77.49 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlunicook.pod	24.81 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-17 16:55
perlunifaq.pod	13.33 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perluniintro.pod	35.63 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perluniprops.pod	240.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 17:38
perlunitut.pod	7.76 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlutil.pod	9.18 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlvar.pod	72.7 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
perlvms.pod	51.34 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
perlvos.pod	3.75 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:48
perlwin32.pod	37.59 KB	-r--r--r--	2015-01-15 22:12
roffitall	26.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2016-10-10 19:20
rofftoc	1.4 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
splitman	641 B	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49
splitpod	1.32 KB	-r--r--r--	2014-12-27 11:49

Rename

=head1 NAME

perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

=head1 DESCRIPTION

One thing Perl porters should note is that F<perl> doesn't tend to use that
much of the C standard library internally; you'll see very little use of, 
for example, the F<ctype.h> functions in there. This is because Perl
tends to reimplement or abstract standard library functions, so that we
know exactly how they're going to operate.

This is a reference card for people who are familiar with the C library
and who want to do things the Perl way; to tell them which functions
they ought to use instead of the more normal C functions.

=head2 Conventions

In the following tables:

=over 3

=item C<t>

is a type.

=item C<p>

is a pointer.

=item C<n>

is a number.

=item C<s>

is a string.

=back

C<sv>, C<av>, C<hv>, etc. represent variables of their respective types.

=head2 File Operations

Instead of the F<stdio.h> functions, you should use the Perl abstraction
layer. Instead of C<FILE*> types, you need to be handling C<PerlIO*>
types.  Don't forget that with the new PerlIO layered I/O abstraction 
C<FILE*> types may not even be available. See also the C<perlapio>
documentation for more information about the following functions:

Instead Of:                 Use:

stdin                       PerlIO_stdin()
 stdout                      PerlIO_stdout()
 stderr                      PerlIO_stderr()

fopen(fn, mode)             PerlIO_open(fn, mode)
 freopen(fn, mode, stream)   PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Dep-
                               recated)
 fflush(stream)              PerlIO_flush(perlio)
 fclose(stream)              PerlIO_close(perlio)

=head2 File Input and Output

Instead Of:                 Use:

fprintf(stream, fmt, ...)   PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...)

[f]getc(stream)             PerlIO_getc(perlio)
 [f]putc(stream, n)          PerlIO_putc(perlio, n)
 ungetc(n, stream)           PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n)

Note that the PerlIO equivalents of C<fread> and C<fwrite> are slightly
different from their C library counterparts:

fread(p, size, n, stream)   PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes)
 fwrite(p, size, n, stream)  PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes)

fputs(s, stream)            PerlIO_puts(perlio, s)

There is no equivalent to C<fgets>; one should use C<sv_gets> instead:

fgets(s, n, stream)         sv_gets(sv, perlio, append)

=head2 File Positioning

Instead Of:                 Use:

feof(stream)                PerlIO_eof(perlio)
 fseek(stream, n, whence)    PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence)
 rewind(stream)              PerlIO_rewind(perlio)

fgetpos(stream, p)          PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv)
 fsetpos(stream, p)          PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv)

ferror(stream)              PerlIO_error(perlio)
 clearerr(stream)            PerlIO_clearerr(perlio)

=head2 Memory Management and String Handling

Instead Of:                    Use:

t* p = malloc(n)               Newx(p, n, t)
 t* p = calloc(n, s)            Newxz(p, n, t)
 p = realloc(p, n)              Renew(p, n, t)
 memcpy(dst, src, n)            Copy(src, dst, n, t)
 memmove(dst, src, n)           Move(src, dst, n, t)
 memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(t))    StructCopy(src, dst, t)
 memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t))  Zero(dst, n, t)
 memzero(dst, 0)                Zero(dst, n, char)
 free(p)                        Safefree(p)

strdup(p)                      savepv(p)
 strndup(p, n)                  savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't
                                               exist!)

strstr(big, little)            instr(big, little)
 strcmp(s1, s2)                 strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2)
                                              / strGT(s1,s2)
 strncmp(s1, s2, n)             strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n)

Notice the different order of arguments to C<Copy> and C<Move> than used
in C<memcpy> and C<memmove>.

Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally
instead of raw C<char *> strings:

strlen(s)                   sv_len(sv)
 strcpy(dt, src)             sv_setpv(sv, s)
 strncpy(dt, src, n)         sv_setpvn(sv, s, n)
 strcat(dt, src)             sv_catpv(sv, s)
 strncat(dt, src)            sv_catpvn(sv, s)
 sprintf(s, fmt, ...)        sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...)

Note also the existence of C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvfn>, combining
concatenation with formatting.

Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using Newxz() you
should consider "poisoning" the data.  This means writing a bit
pattern into it that should be illegal as pointers (and floating point
numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that
any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break
sooner rather than later.  Poisoning can be done using the Poison()
macros, which have similar arguments to Zero():

PoisonWith(dst, n, t, b)    scribble memory with byte b
 PoisonNew(dst, n, t)        equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xAB)
 PoisonFree(dst, n, t)       equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xEF)
 Poison(dst, n, t)           equal to PoisonFree(dst, n, t)

=head2 Character Class Tests

There are several types of character class tests that Perl implements.
The only ones described here are those that directly correspond to C
library functions that operate on 8-bit characters, but there are
equivalents that operate on wide characters, and UTF-8 encoded strings.
All are more fully described in L<perlapi/Character classes> and
L<perlapi/Character case changing>.

The C library routines listed in the table below return values based on
the current locale.  Use the entries in the final column for that
functionality.  The other two columns always assume a POSIX (or C)
locale.  The entries in the ASCII column are only meaningful for ASCII
inputs, returning FALSE for anything else.  Use these only when you
B<know> that is what you want.  The entries in the Latin1 column assume
that the non-ASCII 8-bit characters are as Unicode defines, them, the
same as ISO-8859-1, often called Latin 1.

Instead Of:  Use for ASCII:   Use for Latin1:      Use for locale:

isalnum(c)  isALPHANUMERIC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c)
 isalpha(c)  isALPHA(c)        isALPHA_L1(c)        isALPHA_LC(u )
 isascii(c)  isASCII(c)                             isASCII_LC(c)
 isblank(c)  isBLANK(c)        isBLANK_L1(c)        isBLANK_LC(c)
 iscntrl(c)  isCNTRL(c)        isCNTRL_L1(c)        isCNTRL_LC(c)
 isdigit(c)  isDIGIT(c)        isDIGIT_L1(c)        isDIGIT_LC(c)
 isgraph(c)  isGRAPH(c)        isGRAPH_L1(c)        isGRAPH_LC(c)
 islower(c)  isLOWER(c)        isLOWER_L1(c)        isLOWER_LC(c)
 isprint(c)  isPRINT(c)        isPRINT_L1(c)        isPRINT_LC(c)
 ispunct(c)  isPUNCT(c)        isPUNCT_L1(c)        isPUNCT_LC(c)
 isspace(c)  isSPACE(c)        isSPACE_L1(c)        isSPACE_LC(c)
 isupper(c)  isUPPER(c)        isUPPER_L1(c)        isUPPER_LC(c)
 isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c)       isXDIGIT_L1(c)       isXDIGIT_LC(c)

tolower(c)  toLOWER(c)        toLOWER_L1(c)        toLOWER_LC(c)
 toupper(c)  toUPPER(c)                             toUPPER_LC(c)

To emphasize that you are operating only on ASCII characters, you can
append C<_A> to each of the macros in the ASCII column: C<isALPHA_A>,
C<isDIGIT_A>, and so on.

(There is no entry in the Latin1 column for C<isascii> even though there
is an C<isASCII_L1>, which is identical to C<isASCII>;  the
latter name is clearer.  There is no entry in the Latin1 column for
C<toupper> because the result can be non-Latin1.  You have to use
C<toUPPER_uni>, as described in L<perlapi/Character case changing>.)

=head2 F<stdlib.h> functions

Instead Of:                 Use:

atof(s)                     Atof(s)
 atol(s)                     Atol(s)
 strtod(s, &p)               Nothing.  Just don't use it.
 strtol(s, &p, n)            Strtol(s, &p, n)
 strtoul(s, &p, n)           Strtoul(s, &p, n)

Notice also the C<grok_bin>, C<grok_hex>, and C<grok_oct> functions in
F<numeric.c> for converting strings representing numbers in the respective
bases into C<NV>s.

In theory C<Strtol> and C<Strtoul> may not be defined if the machine perl is
built on doesn't actually have strtol and strtoul. But as those 2
functions are part of the 1989 ANSI C spec we suspect you'll find them
everywhere by now.

int rand()                  double Drand01()
 srand(n)                    { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n);
                               PL_srand_called = TRUE; }

exit(n)                     my_exit(n)
 system(s)                   Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen

getenv(s)                   PerlEnv_getenv(s)
 setenv(s, val)              my_putenv(s, val)

=head2 Miscellaneous functions

You should not even B<want> to use F<setjmp.h> functions, but if you
think you do, use the C<JMPENV> stack in F<scope.h> instead.

For C<signal>/C<sigaction>, use C<rsignal(signo, handler)>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<perlapi>, L<perlapio>, L<perlguts>